WORLD TOURISM

NIAH NATIONAL PARK


Located on the Sungai (river) Niah, about 3 km from the small town of Batu Niah, a 110 km to the south-west of Miri in northern Sarawak. The park was first gazetted as a National Historic Monument in 1958, gazetted as National Park on 23 November 1974 and was published to the public on 1 January 1975. The Park is one of Sarawak's smaller national parks, but it is certainly one of the most important and has some of the most unusual visitor attractions. The park's main claim to fame is its role as one of the birthplaces of civilisation in the region. The oldest modern human remains discovered in Southeast Asia were found at Niah, making the park one of the most important archaeological sites in the world.

Forty thousand years ago, the Niah Great Cave sheltered human life. Here lies the oldest human remains in Southeast Asia, along with many other relics of prehistoric man. Today the Cave is home only to bats, swiftlets and other specially adapted forms of life. However, a few locals still venture into the dark interior to collect guano (bird and bat droppings used as fertilizer) and bird's nest.

The famous Painted Cave is another highlight of the visit to Niah Cave. Here, little human-like figures drawn in red haematite watch over a gravesite where the bodies of the dead were each laid in its own boat-shaped coffin. The Great Cave and Painted Cave have been declared as National Historical Monuments.

The Caves are accessible via a raised plankwalk that winds through lowland forest vibrant with birds and butterflies. Apart from the Caves, visitors can explore several kilometres of forest trails to feel the richness of tropical rainforests, climb a 400m tall limestone ridge or visit an Iban longhouse located near the Park boundary. Visitors can also rent a boat or walk along the river from Park headquarters to Batu Niah town.

Early Human Settlements

Niah's important was first realised in 1957. The curator of the Sarawak Museum, Tom harrison, led an archeological dig at the West Mouth of the Great Cave. The exavations revealed plenty of human settlements in the area; tools, cooking utensils and and ornaments, made of bone, stone or clay. The types of items found suggested a long period of settlement reaching back into the palaeolithic era (the earlist part of the stone age).

In 1958, a discovery was made which confirmed Niah's place as a site of major archaeological significance. Harrisson and his team unearthed a skull which was estimated to be 40,000 years old. The find was at first rediculed by the scientific community, for it was the skull of a modern human (homo sapiens), and it was widely believed that Borneo was settled much later. However, as dating techniques improved and as more evidence of the settlement of Southeast Asia and Australasia came to light, Harrissson was proved right.

What is most interesting about Niah, however is the continued human presence over tens of thousands of years and sophistication of societies that gradually developed there. A large burial site further into the mouth of the cave had clearly been used from palaeolithic times right up to the modern era, as late as 1400 Ad. The earlist graves found in the deepest levels, were simple shallow graves without adornment. Yet moving up through the layer, coffins and urns appeared along with grave goods such as pottery, textiles and ornaments and even glass and metal items, which came comparatively late to Borneo.

The Great cave is not only important archaeological site. The painted Cave as its name suggests, houses detailed wall-paintings depicting the boat journey of the dead into the afterlife. The meaning of the paintings was explained by the discovery of a number of "deadth-ships" on the cave floor-boat shaped coffins containing the remains of the deceased and a selection of grave-goods considered useful in the afterlife, such as Chinese ceramics, ornaments and glass beads. The death-ships have been dated as ranging between 1 AD and 780 AD, although local Penan folklore tells of the use of dead-ship burials as late as the 19th century.

Interesting sites to Visit

The Great Cave

The Great Cave is approximately 3 km from the Park Office and is easily reached via the plakwalk which is enclosed on both sides by dense primary rainforest. The stroll along the planwalk is fascinating in its own right, as you pass close to giant tapang trees (Koompassia excelsa (Becc) Taub.) with their enormous buttressed roots, padanus plants twice the size of a person and colourful exquisitely formed orchids and tree fungi.

It is worth taking your time and walking quietly along the way, as you may well see some of the park's wildlife. Colourful birds, squirrels, lizards, butterflies and all maner of unsual insects and invertebrates are commonly seen. If you are lucky, you may see monkeys, flying lizards and the ocasional hornbill.

The first significant rock formation you reach is the Trader's Cave, which is really an extended rock overhang rather than a cave proper. This is where the birds nest and quano traders conduct their business, hence the name.

A few minutes later, the West Mouth of the Great Cave comes into view and you are left in no doubt that this cave deserves its name. At over 60m high and 250m wide, it is one of the world's most spectacular cave entrance leading to an even larger chamber within. On the left of the cave mouth the archaeological excavation are clearly visible. Photographer should come prepared as the view from the cave mouth out over the surounding jungle is quite unique and the jagged stalacites, overhang and dangling creepers of the cave mouth make a dramatic frame for a very memorable photo.

Proceeding into the cave, the sound of disembodied voices mingles with the squeaking of million of bats and swiftlets to create an eerie atmosphere. The voices belong to the guano (bird and bat excrement) covering the cave floor. The guano is then carried in sacks to the Sungai Niah, where it is graded and sold as fertiliser.

The Large Chamber (Padang)

The passage at the back of the Great cave leads to the large chamber known as 'Padang' where shafts of sunlight stream down from the large holes in the cave roof to illuminate the bizzarre rock formations in the Burnt Cave. This ia another excellent spot for taking photos. After the Padang, the cave passage becomes pitch black and it is here that you will need the flashlight, not only to find your way along the plankwalk but to view the extraordinary shapes and weathering effects found in the Moon Cave.

The Painted Cave

Shortly after the moon Cave, the plankwalk emerges into daylight and a short pathway through the forest leads to the Painted Cave. This is the site of the famous Niah cave paintings and the place where the 'death-ship' were found. The contents of the death-ships have since been transferred to the Sarawak Museum, but the wall behind the fenced-off burial site.

The paintings can be difficult to see unless you allow your eyes to become accustomed to the light. They are rendered in red hematite and cover a long narrow strip (approximately 30m) at the back of the wall. They potray spread-eagled human figures, probably representing warriors and hunters, some of the animals of the souls of the deceased on the dangerous journey to the land of the dead.

Although the burial site at the painted cave is far more recent than those at the Great Cave, it is no less important as it offers a clear insight into the develoment of the traditional religions of Borneo. It is worth spending some time at the Painted cave, as the atmosphere of the place is very tranquil and relaxing resting place for their ancestors.

Birds Nest

The guanocollectors are not the only people who earn a living from the cave. Strategically positioned bamboo poles and leaders are evidence of the birds nest collectors, local people who have practised this dangerous occupation for generations. The half million swiftlets that live in the cave make their nests purly from their own salivary secretions and when the nests are cleaned and cooked they produce the famous birds nest soup, which is as highly regarded in Chinese cuisine as caviar is in the West.

Wildlife And The Rainforest

If you leave the Great cave and return along the plankwalk around clouds intermingling. This is the nighty 'changing of the guard' half a million swiftlets are returning to their nests, whilst half a million bats fly out to forage in the forest. although this is one of Niah's most spectalucar sight, it represents only small niches in a complex ecosystem. One of Niah's other notable sights is the unsual number of luminous fungi (which can be clearly seen from the plankwalk at night).

Treks And Trails

The Park has two-marked walking trails, Jalan Bukit Kasut and Jalan Madu.

Jalan Bukit Kasut

This trail (green and white markings) leads to the summit of Bukit Kasut. The 45 minutes walk passes through beautiful primary rainforest before moving into Kerangas forest at the foot of the hill. You will also see some fascinating cliff vegetation clinging tenuously to life in the steep lomestone slopes. The trail is a little steep but the view at the top is worth it, offering a sweeping panarama of the rainforest canopy.

Jalan Madu

This trail (red and white markings) sticks quite close to the banks of the Sungai Subis, a tributary of the Sungai Niah. It takes roughly an hour and passes through both alluvial and peat swamp forest. There are plenty of wild orchids, bizarre mushrooms and giant pandanus plants along the side of the trail.

How to get there?
The Park Headquarters at Pengkalan Batu is accessible either from Miri or Bintulu (109km or 2 hours by road from Miri and 131km or 3 hours from Bintulu).

From Miri

Syarikat Bas Suria (tel: (6) 085-434317/412173) has a regular bus service to batu Niah from Miri Bus Station. The journey 1 hr 40 mins to 2 hrs. Share taxis from the Bus Station are available as there are regular taxis, which can usually be chartered on a daily basis. self-drive cars are also available (ask at your counter or check in the yellow pages).


From Bintulu

Syarikat Bas Suria (Tel: (6) 086-335489) has a regular bus service to Batu Niah from Bintulu Bus Station. The journey time is about 2 hr to 3 hrs drived. Share taxis from the Bus Station are available as there are regular taxis, which can usually be chartered on a daily basis. self-drive cars are also available (ask at your counter or check in the yellow pages).

From Batu Niah to the Park Office

The Park office ia about 3km from Batu Niah town. Chartered taxis and tour buses will take you straight there but if you arrive by bus or share taxi, you have three choices.

1.A motorised longboat from Batu Niah town to the Park Office brings you through delighful jungle scenery.

2.A taxi from Batu Niah town is not so interesting but a good idea if it is raining.

3.If you are not too heavily burdened with luggage, the park Office is a pleasant 45 minute stroll along the river bank.

Accommodation & Other Charges


Accommodation facilities consist of chalets units, a rest house and hostel-style rooms, all with electriciy and piped water. Unlike some of the other parks there are no cooking facilities.

SUTERA HARBOUR (THE PACIFIC SUTERA)

Thoughtfully designed and tastefully furnished, The Pacific Sutera features 500 immaculately appointed rooms and suites to offer the ultimate in comfort and luxury as the preferred business accommodation.


This is carried through to the design of the hotel with its grand entrance and high-ceiling lobby lounge complete with a panoramic view of the ocean. The hotel’s perfectly manicured gardens provide a sense of unending tranquillity and relaxation for the weary traveller.


Accommodation

This incomparable property has 500 beautifully appointed, spacious guest rooms and suites, each with an inviting atmosphere; contemporary décor and dramatic views with modern comforts and an impressive list of amenities.

All rooms and suites offer breathtaking view of either the lush golf course of the vast South China Sea. These immaculately appointed rooms exude comfort and luxury with a subtle touch of elegance.

The Pacific Sutera has 500 beautifully appointed, spacious guest rooms and suites, each with an inviting atmosphere; contemporary décor and dramatic views with modern comforts and an impressive list of amenities.

• Deluxe Golf View
• Deluxe Sea View
• Pacific Club Golf View
• Pacific Club Sea View
• Junior Suite
• Executive Suite
• Deluxe Suite
• Presidential Suite



Dining

Restaurants
Delight your palate with exotic and exciting flavours from any 5 of our superb food and beverage outlets.


Lounges & Bars
Unwind at any one of our lounges, bars and fun pub, which offer a blend of quality wines, exotic cocktails, fine cuisine and soothing music.



Spa

Pampering, relaxation and wellness of body are some of the things we like our guest to leave us with and who better to provide those gifts than Mandara Spa. With one outlet each at The Pacific Sutera with a menu tailored to the busy individual, and The Magellan Sutera with a laid-back pace and relaxation in mind, you’ll be spoiled for choice

Langkawi Malaysia

Once a sanctuary for pirates, only the locals knew the delights of Langkawi until it was made a duty-free port in 1987. Since then, the construction of modern amenities has created an idyllic Malaysian getaway. Its natural beauty and intriguing folklore make a visit here one to remember.

Situated off the northwestern coast of Peninsular Malaysia, Pulau Langkawi is the largest among an archipelago of 99 islands collectively known as Langkawi. With a resident population of only 54,000, the economy is driven mainly by tourism. The most comfortable way to reach this exquisite spot is by air from Kuala Lumpur or Penang. The Langkawi International Airport is situated 20 kilometres from Kuah , the main town. Although public transport is limited, touring is not a problem. To best appreciate Langkawi, a bicycle or motorcycle would be an ideal choice.

Kuah If you choose not to fly, a ferry ride from either Kuala Kedah (51 kilometres) or Kuala Perlis (30 kilometres) on the mainland will bring you to Kuah. Here you can find hotels and restaurants to suit all pockets, banks and tour agencies, car and bike rentals and the story behind the town's name.

A stone's throw from the jetty lies Dataran Lang , or Eagle Square, with a statue of the island's symbolic eagle. Lang is an abbreviation of the old Malay word for eagle—helang. Kawi is the eagle's distinctive colour. Adjacent to the square is Lagenda Langkawi Dalam Taman —(Langkawi Legends in the Park). The garden, adorned with sculptures, will give you an insight into the tales of this legendary island.

Kuah is also shopping hub with numerous duty-free outlets. Visitors need only stay 48 hours in order to purchase at duty-free prices and the temptation to spend will be hard to resist. A popular place to start your spree is Langkawi Fair Shopping Mall featuring more than 100 outlets. Other shopping outlets worth visiting include Langkawi Duty Free , Jetty Point Complex and Teow Soon Huat Supermarket & Departmental Store . Souvenirs, sports attire, audio-visual items, electrical goods, perfume and liquor are among the bargains to be had.

Folklore And Fables Due west about 12 kilometres from Kuah is Kampong Mawat , the location of Mahsuri's Mausoleum . Legend has it that Mahsuri, a local village maiden, made a curse some 300 years ago to impoverish Langkawi for seven generations. To this day, Mahsuri is a celebrated figure despite the curse, which appears to have at last ended.

Lying to the north-east is Padang Matsirat , or Field of Burnt Rice. Once the island's granary, the village head ordered it destroyed during the Siamese invasion of 1821. It is said that remnants of burnt rice can still be found after a downpour and that these are a potent medical treatment. This is also the location of the airport and the The Mahsuri International Exhibition Centre , where the biennial Langkawi Maritime and Aerospace Exhibition (LIMA) is held.

Further north-west are the 'seven wells'— Telaga Tujuh Waterfalls . Situated on the slopes of Gunung Mat Cincang , water, which streams down the mountain through seven natural pools, forms a series of cascading waterfalls. Reaching the highest requires some serious jungle trekking but the lowest is easily accessible via concrete steps. This is an ideal site for a picnic, and both the mountain and the wells have legends. Gunung Mat Cincang is believed to be a quarrelsome giant and the Seven Wells a favorite bathing place for the mountain fairies. Locals will tell you that a sweet aroma fills the air when the fairies are present.

Datai is to the east and home to Langkawi Crocodile Farm with more than 1,000 alligators on display. A few kilometres away lies Air Hangat Village , or Hot Water Village. This hot springs village is said to be a result of a disagreement between Mat Cinang (our quarrelsome giant) and Mat Raya over the marriage of their children. During the argument a cauldron of boiling water landed on the site of Air Hangat, while the pot of gravy was spilt at Kuah. A cultural centre at Air Hangat showcases batik painting, wood carving and traditional games.

Sweat It Out At The Beach Lush greenery and pristine beaches abound. Pantai Cenang on the western coastline is the liveliest of these, offering all sorts of water sports and the modern Underwater World Langkawi , which showcases 5,000 fish and marine creatures. This is also where most of the international hotels are located.

Much quieter, Pantai Tengah is a short distance to the south. It offers two idyllic beaches in Burau Bay and Pantai Kok . Further up at the north-western end is The Datai Langkawi , where an 18-hole golf course beckons. On the north coast, the Beach of Black Sand and the Beach of Skulls are worth visiting. Although they are not suitable for water activities, each has its own story, as suggested by its name.

About 20 kilometres from Kuah, Pantai Tanjung Rhu is another favourite spot for adventurers. Popularly known as Casuarina Beach, it is rich in coral and marine life although the casuarina trees that once filled the area have long gone.

Hop Around The Islands If beaches are not your style, try island hopping. Favourites are Pulau Payar, Pulau Dayang Bunting, Pulau Singa Besar and Pulau Rebak. Pulau Payar , along with Pulau Kaca, Pulau Segantan, and Pulau Lembu, is known for its beautiful coral gardens and has been rightfully gazetted as a marine park. Even if you are not an ardent scuba diver, a 45-minute boat trip to this gorgeous island is highly recommended.

Pulau Dayang Bunting , the second largest island, is ideal for snorkelling. It also offers two interesting spots— Lake of the Pregnant Maiden and Gua Langsiar , or Banshee Cave—with legends to be unravelled. Pulau Singa Besar is an animal sanctuary with deer, peacocks, horses, and macaques. Pulau Rebak , on the other hand, has a privately developed luxurious resort, Rebak Marina , equipped with all modern facilities.

Mabul - Sweet Little Sister

Mabul Island has historically played a supporting role its famous neighbour in Sabah, Sipadan Island. Since Mabul is considerably larger, and Pulau Sipadan is now protected from overnight stays, its profile has greatly increased and resort owners have been able to construct a much higher standard of accommodation, albeit within the constraints of a remote getaway.

The island is covered in palm trees and fringed with fine beaches. Villagers live next door to the resorts and guests are free to stroll around the island, mingling with the locals. From Mabul Island, guests are taken the 25 to 30 minutes to Sipadan every day for diving. In addition they can dive the macro-world of Mabul, normally once a day.

The rest of this page contains information about:

How to Get There
Flight - Boat Transfer
The recommended flight in Sabah from Kota Kinabalu to Tawau leaves at 6:15 hrs and arrives at 6:55 hrs, with Malaysia Airlines (www.MalaysiaAirlines.com). This is the flight most resorts favour and guests will be collected here and driven for around one hour to Semporna, where the resort boat will transfer you the 45 minutes to Mabul Island.

Later flights are available but can cause problems with transfers and will almost certainly mean no diving on the first day. Air Asia (www.AirAsia.com) is free-seating and Malaysia Airlines is not. Both have emergency exit seats with acres of leg-room. For Air Asia you need to be at the front of the queue to secure one of these. For Malaysia Airlines ask for 14A or 14F, and spend the flight stretching your legs to the annoyance of your jealous neighbours.

There are direct flights from Kuala Lumpur to Tawau with Air Asia (07:20-10:05 hrs and 17:20-20:05 hrs) and Malaysia Airlines (12.40-15.30), but these will probably mean an overnight in Tawau and pick up from your hotel at 6:15 hrs.

Due to the dangers of flying after diving, some Mabul resorts may require you to sign a waiver. This is because some guests want to squeeze in as many dives as possible regardless of the risks. Guests who will be flying within 24 hours after departure from the resorts may be subject to diving restrictions on the last day.

Flights back from Tawau are Malaysia Airlines to Kota Kinabalu (16:10-16:55 hrs) or to Sandakan (17:30-18:10 hrs). If you do not wish to stay overnight in Kota Kinabalu, you can fly direct to Kuala Lumpur with Malaysia Airlines (19:05-21:45 hrs) and Air Asia (20:00-22:45 hrs).

The name of Sipadan is simply legendary in diving circles, conjuring images of patrolling hammerhead sharks, millions of technicolored reef fish and, above all, dozens of sea turtles swimming peacefully everywhere.

This description is not far from reality: it might even actually be down played a little as Sipadan is considered one of the five top diving destinations in the world. This small rainforest-covered tropical island rising from a 700 meter abyss in the Celebes Sea is a destination the committed diver cannot miss.

Pulau Sipadan Resort & Tours Sdn Bhd is one of the dive operators that are allowed to bring divers to Sipadan Island. Specialize in dive and nature tour packages to 3 notably top dive and nature resorts in Borneo; Sipadan-Kapalai Dive Resort, Lankayan Island Dive Resort and Sepilok Nature Resort as well as to other Sabah’s wildlife destinations, we provide an ideal combination of the perfect Borneo holiday for those who seek fun and adventures on a tranquil settings.